What is a car spoiler?
A car spoiler is an aerodynamic device mounted on the vehicle, usually at the rear, but sometimes at the front, to improve performance and stability.
Inspired by aviation, the car's spoiler is designed to generate a downward force, called "aerodynamic downforce", which increases tire grip on the road. This translates into better handling and increased stability at high speeds.
Historically, ailerons were popularized in the 1960s and 1970s (on the Porsche 924, for example), mainly in motor racing, where every fraction of a second counts. Engineers discovered that fins could significantly reduce lift (the effect that tends to lift the vehicle) and increase downforce, enabling cars to stay glued to the road in tight corners and during rapid acceleration.
Nowadays, spoilers aren't just for racing cars.
They have become a common feature of sports cars and performance vehicles, while gaining in popularity among car tuning enthusiasts. In addition to their functional benefits, spoilers are also appreciated for their aesthetic contribution, giving a more aggressive, sporty look to the car.
The different types of car fins
There are several types of car spoilers, each with its own characteristics and advantages. Here are some of the most common:
Fixed aileron:
The fixed aileron is the most basic and common type. As the name suggests, it is permanently fixed and cannot be adjusted. This type of fin is often used on production sports cars and racing cars, as it offers a good balance between simplicity and performance.
Adjustable spoiler:
Adjustable spoilers allow the driver or mechanic to modify the angle of the spoiler to optimize aerodynamic downforce according to driving conditions or personal preference. These fins are often used in racing, where track conditions can vary.
Active fin:
Active fins are equipped with mechanisms that automatically adjust their position according to vehicle speed and other parameters. This technology is typically found on Porsches. These fins can be raised or lowered to improve aerodynamic efficiency, reduce drag and increase downforce where necessary. This type of technology is commonly found on modern supercars.
Lip spoiler:
Often smaller and less visible than traditional spoilers, the lip spoiler is mounted on the edge of the trunk. Found, for example, on the Porsche 944, it offers a subtle improvement in aerodynamics without significantly affecting the vehicle's appearance. Popular among luxury and performance cars.
Double-stage fin:
This fin has two distinct, generally parallel surfaces, which increase downforce without significantly increasing drag. It is commonly used in motor sports where maximum grip is crucial.
How does a spoiler improve driving performance?
Adding a spoiler to a car can have a significant impact on its driving performance, particularly in terms of stability, handling and speed. Here's how:
The spoiler generates a downward force that pushes the car downwards. This increases the grip of the tires on the road, which is particularly beneficial when cornering at high speeds. Improved grip means the vehicle can corner more quickly and safely, reducing the risk of skidding or losing control.
At high speeds, aerodynamic forces can cause undesirable vehicle movements, such as front or rear lift. A spoiler helps keep the car flat on the road, improving directional stability. The result is a more predictable and controllable ride, even at very high speeds.
Some spoilers are designed to reduce aerodynamic drag, which can improve fuel efficiency and increase maximum vehicle speed. By optimizing airflow around and above the car, a spoiler can help minimize turbulence and resistance to motion.
A spoiler can help balance the aerodynamic forces acting on the vehicle.
For example, on a rear-engined car, a rear spoiler can compensate for the lift generated by the heavy rear end, improving the distribution of downforce to all four wheels. This leads to better handling and a more coherent response from the car.
A well-designed and correctly installed spoiler can transform a car's driving characteristics, offering both performance and safety benefits.
Whether for track use or to enhance everyday driving, the spoiler remains a valuable addition to many vehicles.
How do you install a spoiler on your car?
Installing a spoiler on your car may seem daunting, but with the right tools and a methodical approach, it can be done successfully by a DIY enthusiast. Here's a step-by-step guide to help you install a spoiler on your car.
Choosing the right spoiler: Before getting started, it's essential to choose a spoiler that's compatible with your car model. Check the manufacturer's specifications and make sure the spoiler is suitable for your vehicle. You can buy this part online, for example at FranceAileron.
1. Gather the necessary tools:
You will need several tools for this installation, including:
- Screwdriver
- Electric drill with suitable bits
- Wrenches and sockets
- Masking tape
- Marker
- Measuring tape
- Cleaning product and cloth
2. Surface preparation:
Thoroughly clean the surface where the spoiler will be installed. Use a degreasing agent to remove any dirt, grease or residue that might prevent good adhesion.
3. Positioning the spoiler:
Place the spoiler on the trunk of your car to determine the exact location where it will be attached. Use masking tape and a marker to mark the drilling points. Make sure the spoiler is centered and aligned with the bodywork.
4. Drilling holes :
Use an electric drill to drill the holes in the marked locations. Be precise and take your time to avoid damage to the bodywork. Make sure the holes are the correct size for the screws supplied with the spoiler.
5. Installing the spoiler:
Apply sealant or adhesive to the edges of the spoiler to prevent water leakage. Place the spoilers over the drilled holes and fasten with the screws supplied. Tighten the screws firmly, but do not overtighten to avoid damaging the spoiler or the bodywork.
6. Finishing:
Once the spoiler is in place, remove the masking tape and re-clean the area to remove any marks or residue. Check that the spoiler is securely fastened and that there is no play.
Installation test: After installation, test the stability of the spoiler by driving at different speeds. Make sure there are no vibrations or unusual noises.
Car spoiler: looks or performance?
Installing a spoiler on a production car often raises the question of whether it's an aesthetic choice or a performance enhancement. Let's take a closer look at these two aspects to understand the motivations behind adding a spoiler.
Sporty look:
A spoiler can transform the appearance of a car, giving it a more aggressive, sporty look. Many drivers choose to add a spoiler primarily to enhance the aesthetics of their vehicle, making it more visually appealing.
Customization :
For fans of tuning and car customization, a spoiler is a popular accessory. It sets their car apart from the standard models.
The impression of sportiness:
Even if the addition of a spoiler does not always significantly improve performance, it can give the impression of a more powerful car. This perception can influence the installation decision, even if the practical benefits are limited.
High-speed stability:
Sports cars and high-performance vehicles benefit greatly from the extra stability provided by a spoiler. At high speeds, the spoiler helps keep the car firmly planted on the road, reducing the risk of skidding or losing control.
Aerodynamic optimization:
A spoiler can contribute to the aerodynamic optimization of the vehicle, reducing drag and improving fuel efficiency. This can slightly reduce fuel consumption and increase performance.
Cornering performance:
On the racetrack, the spoiler plays a crucial role in enabling the car to corner at higher speeds. Increased downforce helps maintain trajectory and avoid loss of grip.
Materials used for car spoilers
Car spoilers are made from a variety of materials, each with its own advantages and disadvantages.
Fiberglass is light and affordable, but fragile.
Carbon fiber is very light and strong, but expensive.
Aluminum offers a good compromise between lightness and durability, while ABS plastic is affordable but less efficient.
Each material is suitable for different needs and budgets.
Car spoiler FAQ
What is a car spoiler?
A car spoiler is an aerodynamic device installed at the rear of a vehicle to improve its stability and grip on the road.
What are the different types of car fins?
There are several types of fins, including spoilers, adjustable fins, carbon-fiber fins and more.
Does a car spoiler improve driving performance?
Yes, a spoiler can improve driving performance by increasing grip and vehicle stability, especially at high speeds.
What materials are commonly used for car fins?
Common materials include carbon fiber, fiberglass, aluminum and ABS plastic, each offering specific advantages in terms of weight, durability and cost.
Are car spoilers legal on the road?
In many countries, the addition of car spoilers is legal as long as road safety regulations are respected and the driver's visibility or safety is not compromised. In practical terms, legally speaking, you risk virtually nothing in France with a spoiler on your vehicle.
